Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part B (2025)

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both. It has become a major global health issue with rising prevalence across all age groups. This article explores the anatomical basis of diabetes involving pancreatic dysfunction, the genetic factors contributing to both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, and the latest advancements in its treatment and management. It highlights the evolution of therapies from traditional insulin use to cutting-edge technologies like continuous glucose monitoring systems, gene therapy, and artificial pancreas devices. Understanding these components is critical for improving patient care and developing personalized approaches to diabetes prevention and treatment.