Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part A (2025)

Punica granatum (pomegranate) has been widely studied for its bioactive constituents with potential therapeutic applications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This article synthesizes preclinical and clinical evidence regarding its role in Glycemic control and associated metabolic outcomes. A systematic exploration of published literature highlights consistent preclinical findings demonstrating improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and reduced oxidative stress in diabetic models. These outcomes are primarily attributed to polyphenols, ellagitannins, and punicic acid present in various parts of the fruit, including peel, seeds, flowers, and juice. In contrast, clinical trials reveal more variable Glycemic outcomes, with many studies reporting improvements in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress biomarkers, and inflammation, but less consistent evidence of significant changes in fasting glucose or HbA1c. The disparity between preclinical efficacy and clinical variability underscores challenges in extract standardization, bioavailability, and trial design. Nevertheless, the evidence collectively suggests that P. granatum extracts can serve as a valuable adjunctive intervention, particularly in addressing cardiometabolic risk factors associated with T2DM. The discussion emphasizes the need for standardized formulations, well-powered clinical trials, and integration into dietary practices under professional supervision. Practical recommendations propose incorporating pomegranate-based functional foods and supplements into diabetes care strategies, with attention to long-term outcomes and safety considerations. Overall, P. granatum represents a promising natural therapy with multifaceted benefits, warranting further research and translational application in metabolic health and diabetes management.